Docker Compose 本地开发：热重载与服务编排

Docker Compose：为每位开发者提供一致的环境

version: '3.9'
services:
  app:
    build: { context: ., target: development }
    volumes:
      - ./src:/app/src       # 热重载
      - /app/node_modules    # 保留容器的 node_modules
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
      - "9229:9229"          # Node 调试器
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:secret@db:5432/myapp
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      db: { condition: service_healthy }

  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: myapp
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    volumes: [redis_data:/data]

  mailhog:
    image: mailhog/mailhog
    ports: ["8025:8025"]

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:

多阶段 Dockerfile

FROM node:20-alpine AS base
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./

FROM base AS development
RUN npm install
CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

FROM base AS production
RUN npm ci --only=production
COPY . .
RUN npm run build
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]

常用命令

docker compose up -d               # 启动所有服务
docker compose logs -f app         # 跟踪日志
docker compose exec app npm run db:migrate  # 运行迁移
docker compose run --rm app npm test        # 隔离测试
docker compose up --build          # 重新构建

-> 使用 Base64 转换器 编码 Docker 密钥。